Carbureter.



E. A. JOHNSTON.

CARBURETER.

APPLICATION mso JAN. 4,1913.

Patented Apr, 3, 191".

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' E. A. JOHNSTON.

CARBURETER.

APPUCATIONTILED 1AN.4,1913.

1,221,183. Patented Apr. 3, 1917.

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'EDWARD A. .IoIINs'Toiv, oF CHIC liso, ILLINOIS, AssIGNoRK BY MESNE assisi:ivrmr'iN To INTERNATIQNAI. HARVESTER cpItP'oRATIoN, n coRroRATIoN oFKYN EW JERSEY,

CARBURETER.

, Specification of Letters Patent.

- Patented Apr. 3, 191 7.

,v Application :ned Januar'yeieia; seriaiNo.74o,1os.

To all 'whom t may concern:

Be it known that l, Enwaiu) A. JoIiNs'roN, a citizen of the United States. residing at Chicago, in the county ol Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain newy and use- .ful Improvements in Carhureters, ot' which supplied .ata constant ratio,v From the above, it is -evident that at` times a water supply is necessary, and` that at`othe1- timesdetriniental. A problem is thus presented as to when 'water should he supplied to the mix- 'ture ofthe t'uel oil and' air; when it should r2o operates satisfactorily. `But the high cost y not besupplied to such mixture. and when supplied, in what proportion rela-tive to the other ingredients should it be supplied.

It is therefore the ohjectof nivpresent in- 65 vention to provide for the supplying of the different ingredients of an explosive mixture in the proper proportions under all and varying operating conditions, so that an engine may operate at all times at the highest 7o eiiciency under any particular conditions. i

This oliject is, accomplished h v providing anin'lproved carbureter, having a pluralitv ot' passageways, one for fuel and air, and another for water and air, and suitablel l'75 valves in saidpassageways for controllime); the supplylof fuel, ain-and -water to provide for an explosive. mixture adapted to meet all the requirementsfor the successful eonimerciaioperationof internal combustion 80 engines. Y i

This invention is illustrated on the accompanying sheets'ot' drawings, in which Figure l 1 is at'hp elevation of mycarbureter, parts being in section for the sake of clearness; 85

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the same Icarhureter, the' fuel and4 water'receptaclesbeiner renioveff from the body of the eai'hureter.

'the following is a full, clear, and exact speeification.

vThis invention relates to carbureters for. 10 inte'rnalcomhustion engines. l `In the operation ofinternal comhustio -v .engines whieh use various kinds of oils for fuelfr'nuch 'attentiom of necessity` must be given to the proportioning ot the dilferent'inl gredielits which, when properly mixed form an explosive mixture. \Vhen g solene and some other comparatively light hydrocarbon oils are used for fuel, an explosive mixture is formed on which an engine'undoubtedly vof gasolene renders its use in large quantities, for instance in the operation of heavy duty tractors, almost prohibitive. `For this reason, arnongothers, kerosene and some other relatively heavy hydrocarbon oils are now hein'g.,Y used foifuel.' Although the heavy hydrocarbon fu'el o ils are comparatively inexpensive, their use being favorable from that' standpoint, more Aor less d itticulty has been encountered in properly mixing,r and .proportioning the fuel oils with the other constituents to form anfexplosive mixture to meet all of the, requirements for,varyingrload conditions. For instance, when a. volume Fill'. 3 S n Sectional view-oi the' same governed internal combustion en ine is rarhureter taken in the plane. ot'line 3-3 of 90 -`working on friction or light load, the om Flexi, 2,5 l p I f f pression is low, in which case a relatively FHL t 1S il (l0/Util OOkHS; HO U10 GRI- rieh mixture is required for the'proper opblllil from =lb0\`0,. the controlling valves eration of the engine. lVhen thelengine is therein being in one extremeposition; z

40Worhing on a heavy load, 'the compression is Figs. 5 and o are IGSDCA-tivelv'front and 95 high, therefore, not requiringvsueh a rich ,Side elevations ot .theintegrally jformed mixture, but a lgreater quantityY o t relatively valve members used .ill.this;carlnu'etert and` lean mixture. lt is a well known tact that ["g, 7 'iS 2l -SlCt'lOlNll View ot'the oil and.' when heavy fuels are-used. the use' ot' water water eontaining` receptacles which are' with the mixture is advantageous to prevent adapted to be secured to they carburetor body 100 pre-ignition and `fouling. yUnder frictionor proper. I p light load conditions no water isrequired, The various novel features otl mv inven-.` hut under heavy load conditions more or Vtion will he apparent. `glrom the (.lescrip'tion le'ssvwater mnstbe mixed with the. other eleand drawings, and will be"partieularlv setments of tlie/QXDIOSVG n'lixture, not only to forth in the.y appended claims.. .I i' 105 My improved rarbureter 1t) Aadapted 2f 'to'he secured to the end headll, ot' :gaf-vll inder ol" an internal.'combustion engine. This rarburoter 10., includes.. a casting' or-` member 'Il having` a passageway l?) ihrhugh No make such mixture more lean, vbut under said icireuu'istanres to prevent.v lne-ignition and fouling. Even under heavji7 load, especially overload` conditions too muchk water may be supplied when the water, oil and air are which fuel an., are adapted to flow, and a passageway 14 trough which water and air are adapted to flow, said passageways 13 and 14 being formed by a partition 15 within the mixing chamber 12. These passageways 13 and 14 terminate ina single passageway or mixing chamber 16, where ,projection 19 having an opening 2O registering with the other passageway 14 ofl the carbureter. Adapted to be inserted in the opening 18 of the extension 17 and secured therein by set screw 21 is a removable fuel containing receptacle .22 having an inlet pipe '23 and an overflow 24, hy means of which the :fuel pressure is maintained constant, said overflow having an outlet pipe Q5. This fuel containing receptacle is provided with a baille plate Z6 to prevent fuel from spurting upwardly and out' through the receptacle 22 when the cover 27 thereotl is removed therefrom. rlhis re ceplacleis also provided with a passageway 28 registering with an opening 29 ina nozzle 30. This nozzle is provided with a manually operated needle valve 31. In like manner, a water containing receptacle 32 is secured within the laterally extending portion 19, and is provided with a manually controlled needle valve 33, said water containing receptacle having an inlet 34 and overflow outlet Y In the side walls of the carbureter are circular openings 3G and 3T. Adapted to be insert-ed in these openings are side caps 38 having extensions 39 adapted to fit within the circular openings 36 and 37. These caps are adapted to he secured to the body of the earbureter by threaded members A40. Each of these caps 38 provided with a central opening 41 which form bearings for the trunnions 42 of integrally formed valves43 and 44, the valve 43 heilig adapted to control the low of fuel and air through the passagewav 13 and the valve 44 being adapted to control the llow of water and air through the passageway 14. Intel-posed between the valves 43 and 44 and formed integrally therewith is a circular guiding portion 45 which is adapted to reciprocate in a bearing 46 Formed in the partition 15. Mounted on and secured to one ot' the trunnions 42 is a linger member 60 which is loosely mounted upon an adjacent shaft G1 and engages with a projecting portion GQ of a collar member 63. Surrounding this same trunnion 42 and en a straight plate and. isv limited yin its re` ciprocatory movements by inwardly extending lugs 50 andz51 associatedwith one of the end caps 38.A The other valve or water controlling valve 744 is provided with a curved portion 51UAWhich is adapted to cut off and on the supply of Water gradually.y

This valve is also provided with a projection or lip portion 52, which is adapted to pro,-

'ject into the passageway 14 Ato reduce the effective cross sectional ,area of said' passageway after the engine has passed through full load operathg conditions and is op-' erating on an overload. 4

In the operation of internal combustion engines, when the engine is working on friction or light loads, the water controlling valve 44 completely closes the passageway 14, and the valve 43 is in one of' its extreme positions but does not-quite close the-fuel passageway 13. These valves 43 and 44 are held in this one extreme position and prevented from rotating farther in one direction by the projection 51. In these positions ofthe simultaneously actuated valves 43 and 44, air which is drawn down'through the passageway 13, caused by the suction produced upon the occurrence of the inhalation stroke ofthe pistoniof the engine, draws with it, upon passing the fuel nozzle 30, a charge of fuel which is mixed with the air in the passageway 16, where it is vaporized, or at least partially so, preparatory to passing into the combustion chamber of the engine, where it is compressed, ignited, and tliereby expanded for doing work. When operating on friction or 'llght loads, onlyia limited amount of fuel and air are drawn into the combustion chamber, and the compression is low. For this reason is necessary that the fuel charge be comparatively 'rich in quality. ',As the load on the engine increases, the speed of the enginel 'tending therefore to decrease, the action-of the speed governor causes the valves 4o and-44 to move in 'a manner so that the fuel controlling valve 43 opens to a greater extent permit- 'ting a greater {iow of air and fuel, and at the same time the water and air controlling valve 44 is gradually opened, permitting a flow of water andairwhich mix with the fuel charge, said ingredients mixing in the passageway 16,i and thereafter passing into the combustion chamber. As the load on the engine continues to increase, the controlling valves 43 and 44 continue to open in a certain ratio with respect to each other to per gine isop'erating at about twenty-five per cent. of its rated power up to the time it is operating at full power, the valves 43 and 44 are actuated and so related with respectr vto each other to permit a `proportionate amount of fuel and air to flow through passageway 13 and water and air through passageway 14. But if the engine should be overloaded, it has been found by experiment that a greater quantity of fuel is requiredv for the same quantity of water that was be.

ing used by the engine when operating at ful-l load. In view of this fact, it is necessary that the effective cross-sectional areaof the fuel passageway 13 be increased by actuating thel valve L13 in the same direction, while at the saine time the simultaneously actuated water controlling valve le is to maintain the water and air supply through its passageway 14. in the proper proportion. In order to accomplish this result, the water controlling valve eel has been provided with the lip portion or projection which projects into the passageway 14. from the time the engine starts to operate on an overload and remains in said passageway until the engine load is decreased to its normal rated ful] load capacity.' The effect projecting member 52 of valve elet projecting into the passageway 14 is to maintain'f-the effective cross-sectional area of the passagewaylt at the' proper value, thereby maintaining the arr supply therethrough at the proper value, while at the same time the effective cross-sectional area of the fuel passageway 13 is increased, permitting a greater ow of air therethrough. and thereby 'a greater flow of fuel. It is, therefore, seen that when the engine is operati-ng uponfriction or light loads, the; fuel controllingl valve .is slightly open to permit a How of fuel for supplying` a relatively rich mixture up to the point where the engine operates at about twenty-five per cent. of its rated power: that from there on up to full load, the fuel controlling valve 43 and water controlling valve 44, which are sinniltaneously actuated. bearing a certain or desirable ratio with re spcct to each other, permit a proportionate supply of fuel and air to pass through the passageway lil with respect to water and airv 'which pass through the passageway let; and

that when the engine is operating on over` loads,l said fuel controlling` and water controlling valves, although both continue to .move in the same direction, cause, due to style of valves. a disproportionatc amount of fuel and water to hc suppied.

lllvmcans of ymy improved carlau'eter with its valve arrangement, the engine is adapted of the lip-or- .valve member having said passageways cooperate at its highest efficiency under all operating conditions. Furthermore, by providing integrally 'formed valves, such. as i herein disclosed, the positioning of said valves being accurately and denmtely determined to meet the commercial require successful voperation of an engine 'respect to each other, causing the engine to operate unsatisfactorily, by one inexperienced in the operation and care of engines.

There may be various modifications in the,

precise. form and arrangement of myinvention as particularly herein shown and described, and it is .my intention to cover all suchL dovnot involve a departure from the spirit 'and scope of my invention asset forth in the appended. claims. f

What I claim as new is:

l.' .ln a. carburetor for internal combustion engines, the combination of a. member having a plurality of adjacent passageways therein, one for fuel and air and another for water and air, and means within saidy mexnber for .independently controlling the supply of fuel and air through one of said passageways and water and air through the otherof said passageways. e

2. In a carburetor for internal combustion engines, the combination of a ing a plurality of passage-ways therein, one for fuel and air and another for water and air, and a valve member within-said member for independently controlling the supply of fuel and air through one of said passageways and water and air through the other of said passzigeways.v

member hav-v arrangements and modifications which 3. In a carburetor-for internal combustion engines,"the combination of a member haw ing,` a passageway for fuel and .air andanother inissageway for water and air, and a a plain portion and an irregular portion associated with said inissageways for controlling proportionately and. disprop rtionately under different load I conditions the supply of fuel, water and air therethrough.

In a carbl'lreter for internal combustion engines, the combination of av member having a passageway for fuel and air, and

another passageway for water and air,l and' a valve member having different portions thereof to control `proportionately and disproportionately under different load conditions the'supply of fuel and air in one of and water and air in the other passageway. y

In a carbureter for engines, the combination of a member havl 2 5 internalcombustion ing a plurality of passageways, and siinultaneously actuated fluid controlling Valves in saidpassageways, one of said valves in liso , said i5 engines, the combination of 3 0 supplying .35 valves during one 40 proportionate How one position preventing afluid flow in one of said passageways and another of said valves permitting a fluid flow in another `of said passageways, upon a movement of valves said first mentioned valve per- 'mitting a' flow of fluid in proportion to an said secondv increased flow permitted by mentioned valve, and upon a continued movement of said valves, said first menl tioned valve permitting substantially the saine llow of fluid while said second mentioned valve perniits an increased liow of -iuid.

6. In a carbureter for internal combustion a member hav- -ing a plurality of passageways, and simultaneously actuated fluid oontrollin valves in said passageways, one of said va ves in one stage of engine operation preventing a Huid A iiow in one of said passageways and another of said valves permittin a flow in another lof said passageways, sai valves in another ermitting a-propoitionate fluid iiow i in sai passageways, and said valves in still 25 another stage causing a disproportionate fluid How in said passageways.

7. In a carbureter for internal combustion engines, the combination of a member having a plurality of passageways, means for fuel to one of said passageways, means for supplying water to another of saidpassageways, and simultaneously actuated valves in said passagewaysl for controlling the flow of said fuel and water, said stage of engine operation preventing a {iovv of water and pe'initting' a flow of fuel, during another stage permitting a proportionate flow of water and fuel, and still during another stage cansino a disof water and fue.

8. In a carbureter for internal combustion engines, the combination of a member having a plurality of passagewa'vs, means for supplying fuel to one of said passageways, means for supplying water to another of said passageways, and simultaneously actuated valves in said passageways for con- .ltrolling the flow of said fuel and water, saidvalves duringr friction or light load operating conditions preventing a flow of water and permitting a flow of fuel, from light to full load operating conditions per'- mitting a proportionate fiow of fuel and water, and for overload conditions causing a disproportionate flow of fuel and Water.

9. In a carbureter for internal combustion engines, the combination of a member having a pluralityv of passageways through 60. which ingredients of an explosive mixture are adapted to flow, a valve, for controlling the flow through one of said passagewavs, and a second valve for controlling the llow through another of said passageways, said second valve having a curved portion adapted to cut olf and on the flow in one of said passageways gradually, said valve also having another portion adapted to change the effective cross section of said passageway under certain operating conditions.

10. In a carburetor for internal combustion engines,`the combination of a member, and a plurality of passageways through which ingredients of an explosive mixture are adapted to flow, a straight valve adapted to control the flow through one of said passageways, and a second valve adapted to control Athe flow through another of said passageways, said second valve having a curved portion adapted to cut off and on the flow in one of said passageivays gradually,

said valve also having a proiection Aadapted to reduce the effective cross section of said tions.

l1. In a carbon-ter. for internal coinbus tion engines, the comhihation of a member having a plurality ofA passageways, means for supplying fuel to one of said passageways, means for supplying water to another of 'saidpassagewavs. and means having plain and irregular portionsfor automatically controlling the flow of fuel-and water in a manner to prevent a flow of water and permit a flow of fuel at one stage of engine, operation. to permit a. proportionate llow of water and fuel during another stage, and to cause a disproi'ioitionate flow of water and fuel during another stage.

12. In a 'carbureter for internal combustion engines; the combination of a member having a. plurality of passageways,means for supplying fuel to one of said passageways, means for supplying water to another of .said passageu'ays, and means having plain and irregular portions for autoinuti cally controlling the flow of fuel and water in a manner to prevent a flow of water and permit a flow of fuel during friction or light load operating conditions.l to permit a proportional flow of fuel and vater from light to full load operating conditions, and to cause a disproportionate flow of fuel and water for overload conditions.

ihimigo. Ill.. Dec. 20, 1912.

In testimony whereof I aiiX my signature, in the presence of two witnesses.

S. E. HoUs'roN.

say 

